Main Body
Eukaryotic Translation
Eukaryotic Translation
Dr.V.Malathi
The basic steps of the process of eukaryotic protein synthesis are same as in prokaryotic protein synthesis. The genetic code is generally the same except some microorganisms and eukaryotic mitochondria use slightly different codons , rRNA and protein sequences are similar, and the same set of amino acids is used in all organisms. However, specific differences exist between the two types of protein synthesis at all steps of the process
Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Translation
| Prokaryotic translation | Eukaryotic translation |
| It occurs on 70 S Ribosomes | It occurs on 80S Ribosomes. |
| It is a continuous process as both transcription and translation occur in cytoplasm.
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It is a discontinuous process as transcription occurs in nucleus while translation on cytoplasm.
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| It is a faster process, adds about 20 amino acids per second. | It adds one amino acids per second, thus a slower process. |
| mRNA is Polycistronic | mRNA is monocistronic. |
| First amino acid taking part is fMet. | First amino acid is Met(methionine) |
| It requires three initiation factors IF1, IF2, IF3 | It requires a set of nine initiation factors. |
| mRNA life is short (few seconds to two minutes) as mRNA is unstable. | mRNA has a life of few hours to few days; it is quite stable. |
| After translation formyl group from first formylated methionine is removed, retaining methionine in the polypeptide chain. | The whole of initiating methionine is removed from the polypeptide chain. |
| Elongation factors are EF-Tu, EF-G ,EF-Ts EF-P and EF-4. | Elongation factors are eEF-1,eEF-2 |
| It requires three release factors RF1, RF2 and RF3 in the termination. | It requires single release factor eRF1. |