Glossary

Branched lipids also known as terpenoids

Primary Structural component of plant cell wall

makes and stores plant pigments .These pigments give flowers their colour

Each stck of thylakoid

Carbon chains form the skeletons of most organic molecules and functional groups combine with this chain to form biomolecules. As these biomolecules are  large they are called  macromolecules

These are required only in small amounts by the cell. These elements include sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), or vanadium (Va)

These are thin cytoskeletal fibres and they help in cellular components movements

Apertures in the epidermis of plant cell bounded by guard cells

These are channel proteins that allow water to pass through the membrane at very high rate

Organisms capable of making their own food

Hydrated carbon atom chains

is located outside the cell membrane . It gives shape,support and protect the cell

The cell wall is a structure external to the plasma membrane . The cell wall is a rigid covering that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell. Unique component of plant cell.Fungal and protist cells also have cell walls.

A polysaccharide comprised of glucose units

it contains water and dissolved substances . Maitains pressure against the inside of the cell wall

The centrosome is an organelle present in an animal cell that acts as the microtubule-organizing center of the cell. It also regulates the cell cycle

Like mitochondria, chloroplasts also have their own DNA and ribosomes. Chloroplasts function in photosynthesis and can be found in eukaryotic cells such as plants and algae

The semi liquid form of the food after digestion by stomach acids and enzymes

Brush-like projections of plasma membrane

Division of cytoplasm

A hexose, most abundant monosaccharide in nature

The electron transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation. It occurs in mitochondria in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis

The process of moving material out of the cell

Whip-like extensions of the plasma membrane

Primary energy storage molecules in animals and bacteria

Glycolysis is a central metabolic pathway that is used by all cells for the oxidation of glucose to generate energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) and intermediates for use in other metabolic pathway.

Organisms that depend on other organisms for their food

Compounds similar to cholesterol produced by bacteria

Division of the nucleus

Milk sugar

Lipid spheres made of bilayer sheets

A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved in various cell processes like break down excess or worn-out cell parts, destroying invading viruses and bacteria,programmed cell death, or apoptosis.

The most abundant elements in cells , These include carbon, oxygen,nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur

Grain Sugar

The process of cell division of the gametic cells

These are thickest cytoskeletal fibres ,they help in organelle movement . The pull the chromosomes to their poles during cell division

Finger-like projections of plasma membrane . They help in absorption

Process by which the somatic cells divide

This bond is formed by the reaction of the carboxylic acid group of one aminoacid molecule with the amine group of another aminoacid molecule.

Wave like muscle contraction by which the food moves through the esophagus.

The process of cell eating

The process by which plants make their own food like sugar and starch using carbon dioxide ,water and sunlight and liberate oxygen

Process of cell drinking

The plasma membrane, also called the cell membrane, is the membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. In bacterial and plant cells, a cell wall is attached to the plasma membrane on its outside surface

Plasmodesmata (singular = plasmodesma) are junctions between plant cells,

any of a class of small organelles in the cytoplasm of plant cells, containing pigment or food.

Energy storage molecule in plants

Most common type of steroids

Fluid within the inner membrane of the chloroplast that surrounds the grana

Table sugar

A set of interconnected and stacked fluid filled membrane sacs seen within the inner membrane of the chloroplast

It is the process by which cells copy a particular portion of its DNA nucleotide sequence—a gene—into an RNA nucleotide sequence.

The molecular process of protein synthesis

Translation is the process of conversion of nucleic acid information into amino acids.

TCA cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle is also known as citric acid cycle or kreb's cycle and occurs in the matrix of mitochondria.The TCA cycle plays a central role in the breakdown, or catabolism, of organic fuel molecules.