{"id":59,"date":"2023-01-08T12:09:30","date_gmt":"2023-01-08T12:09:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=59"},"modified":"2023-03-02T01:46:48","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T01:46:48","slug":"treatment-options-for-mitochondrial-genetic-disorders","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/chapter\/treatment-options-for-mitochondrial-genetic-disorders\/","title":{"raw":"Treatment options for Mitochondrial Genetic disorders","rendered":"Treatment options for Mitochondrial Genetic disorders"},"content":{"raw":"Currently there is no highly effective treatment or cure for mitochondrial disorder.\r\n\r\nThe management of mitochondrial disease includes\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Supportive therapy<\/strong> such as<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Exercise <\/strong>- including both endurance exercises (walking, running, swimming, dancing, cyclin etc.,) \u00a0and resistance\/strength training (sit-ups, arm curls, knee extensions, weight lifting etc.,). These are done to increase muscle size and strength<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Vitamin or amino acid supplements<\/strong>- Coenzyme Q10; B complex vitamins, especially thiamine (B1) and riboflavin (B2) ;Alpha lipoic acid; L-carnitine ; Creatine ; and L-Arginine.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #212121;background: white\"><strong>Mitochondrial replacement therapies (MRT)<\/strong> in oocytes or zygotes such as pronuclear (PNT), spindle (ST) or polar body (PBT) transfer could prevent second generation transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)<\/strong> is an IVF-based reproductive option. \u00a0PGD is suitable for some women with mtDNA disease who wish to conceive a genetically related child with a reduced risk of severe disease. The procedure involves the\u00a0<em>in vitro<\/em>\u00a0fertilization of oocytes harbouring pathogenic mtDNA mutations. These are either cultured and subjected to mutation \u00a0analysis. PGD allows specialists to provide a better prognosis of disease<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Mitochondrial Donation (MD)<\/strong> is a reproductive option . The procedure involves removing the nuclear DNA from an oocyte or zygote containing mutated mt DNA and transferring this to an enucleated oocyte or zygote that contains WT mt DNA from a healthy donor.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Pronuclear transfer (PNT)<\/strong> involves removal of the pronuclei in a membrane-bound karyoplast from a fertilized zygote and transfer to an enucleated donor zygote.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<p>Currently there is no highly effective treatment or cure for mitochondrial disorder.<\/p>\n<p>The management of mitochondrial disease includes<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Supportive therapy<\/strong> such as<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Exercise <\/strong>&#8211; including both endurance exercises (walking, running, swimming, dancing, cyclin etc.,) \u00a0and resistance\/strength training (sit-ups, arm curls, knee extensions, weight lifting etc.,). These are done to increase muscle size and strength<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Vitamin or amino acid supplements<\/strong>&#8211; Coenzyme Q10; B complex vitamins, especially thiamine (B1) and riboflavin (B2) ;Alpha lipoic acid; L-carnitine ; Creatine ; and L-Arginine.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #212121;background: white\"><strong>Mitochondrial replacement therapies (MRT)<\/strong> in oocytes or zygotes such as pronuclear (PNT), spindle (ST) or polar body (PBT) transfer could prevent second generation transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)<\/strong> is an IVF-based reproductive option. \u00a0PGD is suitable for some women with mtDNA disease who wish to conceive a genetically related child with a reduced risk of severe disease. The procedure involves the\u00a0<em>in vitro<\/em>\u00a0fertilization of oocytes harbouring pathogenic mtDNA mutations. These are either cultured and subjected to mutation \u00a0analysis. PGD allows specialists to provide a better prognosis of disease<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Mitochondrial Donation (MD)<\/strong> is a reproductive option . The procedure involves removing the nuclear DNA from an oocyte or zygote containing mutated mt DNA and transferring this to an enucleated oocyte or zygote that contains WT mt DNA from a healthy donor.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Pronuclear transfer (PNT)<\/strong> involves removal of the pronuclei in a membrane-bound karyoplast from a fertilized zygote and transfer to an enucleated donor zygote.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Treatment options for Mitochondrial Genetic disorders ","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["malathi"],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[61],"license":[],"class_list":["post-59","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-malathi"],"aioseo_notices":[],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/59","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/59\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":126,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/59\/revisions\/126"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/59\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=59"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=59"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/mitochondrial-inheritance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=59"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}