{"id":91,"date":"2024-04-19T17:41:56","date_gmt":"2024-04-19T16:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/chapter\/stress-and-reductions-in-sentences\/"},"modified":"2024-04-19T17:41:56","modified_gmt":"2024-04-19T16:41:56","slug":"stress-and-reductions-in-sentences","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/chapter\/stress-and-reductions-in-sentences\/","title":{"raw":"Stress and Reductions and Example 1","rendered":"Stress and Reductions and Example 1"},"content":{"raw":"\n<h2>Stress + Reduced Syllables<\/h2>\n<iframe title=\"Kaltura Player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/823192\/sp\/82319200\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/23779101\/partner_id\/823192?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_wj0svjpx&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[leadWithHTML5]=true&amp;flashvars[sideBarContainer.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[sideBarContainer.position]=left&amp;flashvars[sideBarContainer.clickToClose]=true&amp;flashvars[chapters.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[chapters.layout]=vertical&amp;flashvars[chapters.thumbnailRotator]=false&amp;flashvars[streamSelector.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[EmbedPlayer.SpinnerTarget]=videoHolder&amp;flashvars[dualScreen.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[hotspots.plugin]=1&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_wv43iyjb\" width=\"400\" height=\"285\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\nWe have talked about stressed syllables before. We can imagine that they are 100% whole and complete. Remember that stress means: louder, longer, higher, clearer, and bigger \ud83d\ude01\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_90\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"267\"]<img class=\"wp-image-89 \" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/04\/brooke-cagle-TiTU0k1E0UE-unsplash-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"a basket of vegetables\" width=\"267\" height=\"267\"> Photo by Brooke Cagle on Unsplash[\/caption]\n\n<code><\/code><code><\/code>\n\n<strong>Reduction <\/strong>is the opposite of stress in English.\n\nReduction, or reduced syllables are:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Quicker: they are not as long, and you might delete some of the sounds.<\/li>\n \t<li>Less clear: the vowels might change to \"uh\" \/\u0259\/<\/li>\n \t<li>Quieter: they are not as loud<\/li>\n \t<li>Normal pitch: they are not musical, high or low<\/li>\n \t<li>Smaller: speakers' mouths do not open or move as much<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[caption id=\"attachment_90\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"266\"]<img class=\"wp-image-90 \" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/04\/rio-lecatompessy-yzoupNrziRw-unsplash-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"a pot of chopped vegetables\" width=\"266\" height=\"266\"> Photo by Rio Lecatompessy on Unsplash[\/caption]\n\nYou can imagine that they are chopped up. Reduced stress makes it easier to put things together in spoken English, once you learn how.\n\nThis can help you with understanding other speakers, too. For example:\n<ol>\n \t<li>I just want to have some peace and quiet around here.<\/li>\n \t<li>Sorry, but I didn\u2019t hear that.<\/li>\n \t<li>How is it going?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Example 1: And<\/h2>\n<iframe title=\"Kaltura Player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/823192\/sp\/82319200\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/23779101\/partner_id\/823192?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_lhgsltwe&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[leadWithHTML5]=true&amp;flashvars[sideBarContainer.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[sideBarContainer.position]=left&amp;flashvars[sideBarContainer.clickToClose]=true&amp;flashvars[chapters.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[chapters.layout]=vertical&amp;flashvars[chapters.thumbnailRotator]=false&amp;flashvars[streamSelector.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[EmbedPlayer.SpinnerTarget]=videoHolder&amp;flashvars[dualScreen.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[hotspots.plugin]=1&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_j3cw4cye\" width=\"400\" height=\"285\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\nIn normal American English, the word \"and\" usually reduces to \"an\" with a schwa sound: \/\u0259n\/\n\nHere are some common phrases and idioms. Can you practice reducing \"and\"?\n<h3>A. Reducing <em>and<\/em><\/h3>\n<ol>\n \t<li>peace and quiet<\/li>\n \t<li>rock and roll<\/li>\n \t<li>bread and butter<\/li>\n \t<li>pride and joy<\/li>\n \t<li>death and taxes<\/li>\n \t<li>fair and square<\/li>\n \t<li>by and large<\/li>\n \t<li>smoke and mirrors<\/li>\n \t<li>blood, sweat and tears<\/li>\n \t<li>it cost an arm and a leg<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n","rendered":"<h2>Stress + Reduced Syllables<\/h2>\n<p><iframe title=\"Kaltura Player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/823192\/sp\/82319200\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/23779101\/partner_id\/823192?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_wj0svjpx&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[leadWithHTML5]=true&amp;flashvars[sideBarContainer.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[sideBarContainer.position]=left&amp;flashvars[sideBarContainer.clickToClose]=true&amp;flashvars[chapters.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[chapters.layout]=vertical&amp;flashvars[chapters.thumbnailRotator]=false&amp;flashvars[streamSelector.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[EmbedPlayer.SpinnerTarget]=videoHolder&amp;flashvars[dualScreen.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[hotspots.plugin]=1&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_wv43iyjb\" width=\"400\" height=\"285\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>We have talked about stressed syllables before. We can imagine that they are 100% whole and complete. Remember that stress means: louder, longer, higher, clearer, and bigger \ud83d\ude01<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_90\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90\" style=\"width: 267px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-89\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/04\/brooke-cagle-TiTU0k1E0UE-unsplash-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"a basket of vegetables\" width=\"267\" height=\"267\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-90\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Brooke Cagle on Unsplash<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><code><\/code><code><\/code><\/p>\n<p><strong>Reduction <\/strong>is the opposite of stress in English.<\/p>\n<p>Reduction, or reduced syllables are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Quicker: they are not as long, and you might delete some of the sounds.<\/li>\n<li>Less clear: the vowels might change to &#8220;uh&#8221; \/\u0259\/<\/li>\n<li>Quieter: they are not as loud<\/li>\n<li>Normal pitch: they are not musical, high or low<\/li>\n<li>Smaller: speakers&#8217; mouths do not open or move as much<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_90\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90\" style=\"width: 266px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-90\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/04\/rio-lecatompessy-yzoupNrziRw-unsplash-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"a pot of chopped vegetables\" width=\"266\" height=\"266\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-90\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rio Lecatompessy on Unsplash<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>You can imagine that they are chopped up. Reduced stress makes it easier to put things together in spoken English, once you learn how.<\/p>\n<p>This can help you with understanding other speakers, too. For example:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>I just want to have some peace and quiet around here.<\/li>\n<li>Sorry, but I didn\u2019t hear that.<\/li>\n<li>How is it going?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Example 1: And<\/h2>\n<p><iframe title=\"Kaltura Player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/823192\/sp\/82319200\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/23779101\/partner_id\/823192?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_lhgsltwe&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[leadWithHTML5]=true&amp;flashvars[sideBarContainer.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[sideBarContainer.position]=left&amp;flashvars[sideBarContainer.clickToClose]=true&amp;flashvars[chapters.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[chapters.layout]=vertical&amp;flashvars[chapters.thumbnailRotator]=false&amp;flashvars[streamSelector.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[EmbedPlayer.SpinnerTarget]=videoHolder&amp;flashvars[dualScreen.plugin]=true&amp;flashvars[hotspots.plugin]=1&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_j3cw4cye\" width=\"400\" height=\"285\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>In normal American English, the word &#8220;and&#8221; usually reduces to &#8220;an&#8221; with a schwa sound: \/\u0259n\/<\/p>\n<p>Here are some common phrases and idioms. Can you practice reducing &#8220;and&#8221;?<\/p>\n<h3>A. Reducing <em>and<\/em><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>peace and quiet<\/li>\n<li>rock and roll<\/li>\n<li>bread and butter<\/li>\n<li>pride and joy<\/li>\n<li>death and taxes<\/li>\n<li>fair and square<\/li>\n<li>by and large<\/li>\n<li>smoke and mirrors<\/li>\n<li>blood, sweat and tears<\/li>\n<li>it cost an arm and a leg<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-91","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"part":77,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/91","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/91\/revisions"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/77"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/91\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=91"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=91"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.justwrite.in\/englishcommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=91"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}